- Property Law Summary Notes!

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Table of Contents for Property Law Summary Notes

1.  Introduction. 5

A.   How to use Cram Notes. 5

B.   Abbreviations. 5

2.  Personal Property. 5

A.   Possession of goods. 5

i.        Actual possession. 5

ii.       Jus tertii 6

B.   Tortious acts on personal property. 6

i.        Trespass. 6

ii.       Conversion. 6

iii.      Detinue. 6

C.   Bailment 7

i.        Gratuitous bailment 7

ii.       Rights against third party. 7

3.  Priority of Interests in Property. 7

A.   Prior Legal v Subsequent Legal interest 8

B.   Prior Legal v Subsequent Equitable interest 8

i.        Exceptions. 8

C.   Prior Equitable v Subsequent Legal interest 9

i.        Constructive Notice. 9

1)     Constructive notice of tenant in possession. 9

2)     Notice of equitable interests of other residents. 9

D.   Prior Equitable v Subsequent Equitable. 10

i.        Exceptions. 10

E.   Mere equity v Subsequent Equitable. 10

4.  Co-ownership. 11

A.   Joint tenancy. 11

B.   Tenancy in common.. 11

C.   Which is it?. 11

i.        Words of severance. 11

ii.       Presumption in equity. 12

D.   Rights against other co-owners. 12

i.        Claim for improvements. 12

ii.       Occupation rent 12

iii.      Quantum of occupational rent/claim for improvements. 12

E.   Severance of Joint tenancy. 13

i.        Unilateral action. 13

ii.       By agreement 13

iii.      Court order 13

5.  Real Property & Torrens Title 13

A.   Boundaries of land.. 13

B.   Fixtures. 14

i.        Degree of annexation. 14

ii.       Object of annexation. 14

iii.      Tenant¡¦s fixtures. 14

C.   Possession of land (possessory title) 15

D.   Adverse possession.. 15

i.        Commencement 16

ii.       Factual possession. 16

iii.      Intention to possess. 16

iv.      Mistake as to title. 17

v.       Successive interests. 17

vi.      When does time stop running?. 17

E.   Estates. 17

i.        Types. 17

1)     Freehold. 17

2)     Leasehold. 17

ii.       Determinable limitation. 18

iii.      Condition subsequent 18

iv.      Void contingencies. 18

v.       Doctrine of waste. 18

F.    Legal future interests. 19

i.        Types of future interests. 19

ii.       Rules for legal remainder 19

iii.      Destruction of legal contingent remainders. 20

G.   Contracts for sale of land.. 20

i.        Formalities. 20

1)     Land. 20

ii.       Is the contract incomplete? Doctrine of part performance. 20

iii.      Risk & incomplete contracts. 21

H.   The concept of indefeasibility. 21

i.        Deferred indefeasibility. 21

ii.       Immediate indefeasibility. 22

iii.      Exceptions to indefeasibility. 22

1)     Fraud. 22

2)     Omission or misdescription of easements. 22

3)     Short term tenancies. 22

4)     Rights in personam.. 23

I.    The Torrens register 24

i.        Notice. 24

ii.       Caveats. 24

1)     Caveatable interest 24

2)     Removal 24

3)     Compensation. 24

4)     Competing interests under caveats. 25

6.  Easements. 26

A.   Creation.. 26

i.        Substantive requirements. 26

ii.       Implied grants. 27

1)     Rule in Wheeldon v Burrows 27

2)     Easements of Necessity. 27

3)     Easements implied from common intention. 28

4)     Easements implied from description. 28

iii.      Implied reservation. 28

B.   Extinguishment & abandonment 28

7.  Leases. 28

A.   Types of leases. 28

B.   Creation.. 29

i.        Legal lease. 29

ii.       Equitable lease. 29

iii.      Implied periodic lease. 29

C.   Substantive requirements for leases. 29

i.        Exclusive possession. 29

ii.       Certainty of duration. 30

D.   Covenants. 30

i.        Implied by law.. 30

1)     Quiet enjoyment 30

2)     Non-derogation from grant 30

3)     Fitness for habitation. 30

4)     Duty to take reasonable care for safety of occupants. 31

5)     Obligation to repair 31

ii.       Implied by statute. 31

iii.      Express covenants. 32

1)     To repair 32

2)     Covenant against assignment or sub-letting. 32

E.   Assignment of leases. 33

i.        Privity of contract 33

ii.       Privity of estate. 33

iii.      Assignment of lease. 33

iv.      Assignment of reversion. 34

v.       Liability following assignment 34

F.    Forfeiture or re-entry of lease. 34

G.   Relief against forfeiture. 35

8.  Mortgages. 35

A.   Principles under Torrens system... 35

B.   Tacking and Priority. 36

C.   Clogs on the equity of redemption.. 36

i.        Property remains encumbered after redemption. 36

ii.       Option to purchase. 36

iii.      Postponement of right to redeem.. 37

iv.      Collateral advantages. 37

v.       Penal provisions. 37

D.   Mortgagee¡¦s remedies. 38

i.        Power of sale. 38

1)     Notice. 38

ii.       Mortgagee¡¦s equitable duty. 39

1)     Timing. 39

2)     Conduct of sale. 39